Larger-scale applications of active noise reduction by destructive interference are contemplated for entire passenger compartments in commercial aircraft. So, sound being a wave, we expect it to exhibit interference we have already mentioned a few such effects, such as the beats from two similar notes played simultaneously.įigure 17.23 shows a clever use of sound interference to cancel noise. In fact, one way to prove something is a wave is to observe interference effects. Interference is the hallmark of waves, all of which exhibit constructive and destructive interference exactly analogous to that seen for water waves. 2.2)įigure 17.22 Some types of headphones use the phenomena of constructive and destructive interference to cancel out outside noises. Examples should include musical instruments. 6.D.4.2 The student is able to calculate wavelengths and frequencies (if given wave speed) of standing waves based on boundary conditions and length of region within which the wave is confined, and calculate numerical values of wavelengths and frequencies.6.D.3.4 The student is able to describe representations and models of situations in which standing waves result from the addition of incident and reflected waves confined to a region.6.D.3.3 The student is able to plan data collection strategies, predict the outcome based on the relationship under test, perform data analysis, evaluate evidence compared to the prediction, explain any discrepancy, and, if necessary, revise the relationship among variables responsible for establishing standing waves on a string or in a column of air.6.D.3.2 The student is able to predict properties of standing waves that result from the addition of incident and reflected waves that are confined to a region and have nodes and antinodes.6.D.3.1 The student is able to refine a scientific question related to standing waves and design a detailed plan for the experiment that can be conducted to examine the phenomenon qualitatively or quantitatively.6.D.1.3 The student is able to design a plan for collecting data to quantify the amplitude variations when two or more traveling waves or wave pulses interact in a given medium.6.D.1.2 The student is able to design a suitable experiment and analyze data illustrating the superposition of mechanical waves (only for wave pulses or standing waves).6.D.1.1 The student is able to use representations of individual pulses and construct representations to model the interaction of two wave pulses to analyze the superposition of two pulses.The information presented in this section supports the following AP® learning objectives and science practices: Calculate the length of a tube using sound wave measurements.Describe how sound interference occurring inside open and closed tubes changes the characteristics of the sound, and how this applies to sounds produced by musical instruments.Identify instances of sound interference in everyday situations.Define antinode, node, fundamental, overtones, and harmonics.By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
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